Greenpeace and FFI conservation groups have been involved in raising public awareness both locally in East Asia and abroad. The Hainan black-crested gibbon is one of man's closest relatives living in the Bawangling National Nature Reserve, on China's southern island province of Hainan. Nonetheless, the dwarf forests still account for a small portion of their habitat and are used by gibbons to move between primary forests. This species is considered the most endangered primate in the world. The Hainan black-crested gibbon is one of man's closest relatives living in the Bawangling National Nature Reserve, China's southern island province of Hainan. [13], In addition to the economic development brought by the growing population, there is financial pressure to capture gibbons, since a female gibbon can be worth up to 300 US dollars. Why are they endangered? The goals of the survey were to investigate the current status of the Hainan gibbon to better understand its situation and make recommendations. 2004); the eastern black gibbon, Nomascus nasutus, … The species was overtaken by not only deforestation but also by… The gibbon population on Hainan Island has decreased precipitously over the last half century. [4] It feeds on ripe, sugar-rich fruit, such as figs (Ficus spp.) observed two unsuccessful hawk attacks on young gibbons, however, humans are the main threat to the Hainan gibbon. The population of Hainan black-crested gibbons decreased mainly in the 1970s due to habitat loss. Only about 22 gibbons have been recorded in the most recorded count in the Bawangling National Nature Reserve on the island. Most notably, the Critically Endangered Hainan Black Crested Gibbon possesses a severely restricted habitat range. [4] The males are all almost completely black, with sometimes white or buff cheeks. habitat in the Bawangling National Nature Reserve (Bawangling) in order to determine the size of the gibbon population. Many of these projects led not only to the destruction of habitat where the gibbons were found, but also caused gibbon populations to split and become isolated from other groups of gibbons. Of the 250 sq km of this reserve, only 100 sq km remains in primary forest (Constable 1982, Pfeiffer; , 1984). [9], Sexual dichromatism is distinct in the Hainan gibbon. Hainan black crested gibbons do not produce offspring often. [12] The secondary forests are less suitable for the Hainan gibbons than the primary forests. Although Hainan black-crested gibbons have been on the list of the most endangered primate species in the world for many years, their environment is still deteriorating, especially on Hainan … It is an animal with great agility and as intelligent as a human being. While it once inhabited roughly half of China, it now exists only on parts of Hainan Island. Once numbering around 2,000 individuals in the 1950s, the Hainan gibbon underwent a severe decline in the late twentieth century due to habitat loss and hunting, and is now one of the most threatened species in the world, with only an estimated 26 individuals remaining.The last surviving populati… The few remaining gibbons exhibit polygynous relationships; small families typically consist of one breeding male, two mature females, and their offspring. [6] The gibbon population on Hainan Island has decreased precipitously over the last half century. Males are generally completely black and have white or buff cheeks, while the females are a golden or buff colour all over with black patches including a streak of black on the head. [13] Aside from direct interactions between humans and gibbons, the low income of most residents of Hainan has led to their reliance on the forests for firewood, food, and herbs for use in traditional medicine, further amplifying human impact on the environment.[13]. Males are black in color, while females are a golden yellow with black patches. In response to the declining population of Hainan gibbons, a collaborative status survey and conservation plan was published in 2003 and updated in 2005. The main threats that face the Hainan Black Crested Gibbon are: The Kadoorie Conservation China and Fauna and Flora International organisations have performed surveys and are now taking action to help save this critically endangered species. Alterations in the characteristics of the Hainan ecosystem that negatively affect the gibbons are indicative of negative impact on other species as well. Hainan gibbons are the worlds rarest primate. 100% of your donation will go towards various wildlife conservation efforts of the animals displayed on this site. [13] Naturally, the population boom led to the construction of roads and towns to accompany the developing rubber and timber industry. The Hainan gibbon sings duets for bonding and mating. Their main area of occupancy is known as the primary forest (Old-growth forest). [9] The species is currently vulnerable to being eliminated by a single major storm or epidemic. You could also do … The dwarf forest is even less favorable for the gibbons and a study by Fan et al. [11], The Hainan gibbons reside in three different types of forests on the island. Black-crested gibbons live arboreally in small groups, most of which consist of a pair of adults, one male and one female, and their offspring. Poaching, logging, illegal pulp paper plantations, etc., are responsible for the sad state of these gibbons. Historically, they were widespread in China: government records dating back to the 17th century state that their range used to cover half of China. [12] Along with offering sources of shelter and trees for singing rituals, the primary forests are also home to at least six species of plants eaten by the gibbons. They are currently identified as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List. [8] The most recent count found 22 Hainan gibbons split between two families, one of 11 and one of seven members, with four loners, all residing in Bawangling National Nature Reserve on Hainan Island. [3] Its habitat consists of broad-leaved forests and semi-deciduous monsoon forests. To help prevent further habitat loss, China has established several nature preserves to protect the black crested gibbon’s range. The breeding characteristics for the Hainan gibbon do not lend themselves to rapid population growth. [7][13] The plan also called for educating the residents of the island on the importance of the Hainan gibbon. Hainan Black Crested Gibbon Scientific name: Hylobatidae Diet: Omnivores (Fruit, Average life span: 25 Years Size:17-25 in Weight: 9-29 lbs Hainan Gibbon's are extremely rare with only around 20 living currently. In the 1960s, much of Hainan's lowlands were deforested to make way for rubber plantations and commercial logging, causing a dramatic decline in their population. The human population on Hainan exploded 330% between 1950 and 2003, much of which was due to the open door policy implemented by the Chinese government in the late 1980s. The population of Hainan black-crested gibbons decreased mainly in the 1970s due to habitat loss. One of the rarest monkeys in the world, the Hainan black-crested gibbon, or Hainan gibbon, is a unique and beautiful creature. [15] This designation indicates that status of the Hainan gibbon is a marker for the health and stability of its ecosystem. Greenpeace has been calling on Hainan to better enforce its laws on poaching and logging. Black Crested Gibbons are not monkeys but apes. nasutus hainanus is on the verge of extinction. The source code for the WIKI 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the Mozilla Foundation, Google, and Apple. [13], Zhou et al. Group living. Resource availability, predation, and human expansion, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Hainan Bawangling National Nature Reserve, List of endangered and protected species of China, "Molecular systematics of Indochinese primates", "Hainan gibbon decline charted in Chinese records", "The Hainan black crested gibbon: Most critically endangered ape", "The current status of the Hainan black-crested gibbon, "Illegal Deforestation Threatens the Last 23 Hainan Gibbons", "The Critically Endangered black crested gibbon, "Hainan Gibbon Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan, Version 1", "The Influence of Gibbon Primary Seed Shadows on Post-dispersal Seed Fate in a Lowland Dipterocarp Forest in Central Borneo", Gibbon Systematics and Species Identification, Conservation: Glimmer of hope for world's rarest primate, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hainan_black_crested_gibbon&oldid=994771248, IUCN Red List critically endangered species, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 17 December 2020, at 13:15. The Hainan black-crested gibbon is under grave threat of extinction. [4], Hainan black-crested gibbons are under grave threat of extinction. found that gibbons spent only 0.5% of the thirteen-month study period in dwarf forests. Their trees are shorter in height, and they severely lack resources, such as food and shelter, needed by the gibbons to survive. The Hainan gibbon is the world’s rarest ape, rarest primate, and probably rarest mammal species. Hainan black-crested gibbons are under grave threat of extinction. The Hainan Black Crested Gibbon is a species which is coloured differently for each sex. Mostly lar gibbons. [7] With the initial survey results, the 2005 update focused on reparative action. All other area fo Vietnars m represent habita of reserve t area as demarcates odr a proposes (idn Fewer than 30 Hainan crested gibbons (Nomascus hainanus) remain in the wild. [16] Therefore, the destruction of the natural vegetation on Hainan Island, coupled with the dwindling gibbon population bodes ill for the recovery of native plant species. Until the end of January 2019, all funds raised will go to supporting the Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary in the heart of the Way Kambas National Park on the island of Sumatra which is successfully breeding this incredibly amazing animals. Due to habitat loss and hunting, this species has shifted its primary habitat from lowland forest to higher mountainous forest (with elevations ranging from 100 to 1800 m on Hainan Island). Donate today to help support the world's wildlife. Key behaviour of the Hainan Black Crested Gibbon includes: The diet of the Hainan Black Crested Gibbon is most made up of fruit and includes: The primary habitat of the Hainan Black Crested Gibbon is in Old Growth Forest living in trees which are taller than 10 metres, but the species can be found in smaller secondary forests and dwarf forests, but these environments are not great for sustaining the species. Black Crested Gibbon . The breeding females have a single offspring every two years and the newborn has a dependence period of roughly a year and a half. In 2012, Nomascus hainanus was included among the world's 100 most threatened species, in a report by the IUCN Species Survival Commission and the Zoological Society of London. Currently the Action Plan is underfunded and poorly supported by its participating members, with limited coordination between them. Furthermore, the only 2 groups remaining each inhabit a different type of forest. Historically, they were widespread in China: Government records dating back to the 17th century state that their range used to cover half of China, although the records in question might represent multiple species, as some are from areas separated from each other by physical barriers such as large r… The Hainan black-crested gibbon is one of man's closest relatives living in the Bawangling National Nature Reserve, on China's southern island province of Hainan. [12] Even with the secondary and dwarf forests for the gibbons to reside in, the destruction of primary forests still severely impacts the gibbon population in a negative manner. While in the 1950s, more than 2,000 gibbons were found over the entirety of Hainan Island, a study in 2003 found 13 total gibbons split into two groups and two lone males,[7] and in 2004 only 12-19 Hainan gibbons were found exclusively in the Hainan Bawangling National Nature Reserve. [4], The Hainan gibbons have acquired some reproductive adaptations in response to their drastically decreased natural habitat. The survey was backed by members of the Hainanese and mainland Chinese governments, Kadoorie Conservation China, Fauna and Flora International (FFI), and other international institutions. To install click the Add extension button. A major result of habitat loss is the reduction of resources available to the Hainan gibbons. Key Words: Hainan black crested gibbon, extinction, Indochina In October 2003, we carried out a large-scale survey of the remaining gibbon ( Nomascus sp.) Our findings indicate that the species is unlikely Geographic Distribution and Habitat With a total population of only 30 individuals, the Hainan gibbon (Nomascus hainanus) is the world’s rarest ape and one of the world’s rarest mammals.Also known as the Hainan black-crested gibbon, until 2019, the species was restricted to just 0.77 sq mi (2 sq km), as reported in 2017, within the Bawangling National Nature … [4] The arms are used to swing from tree to tree, which is known as brachiation. Just better. Not only that, but this tiny range continues to shrink, further increasing the peril it faces. As in all crested gibbons (genus Nomascus) the fur of adult males is black, that of adult females is yellowish.The species has already lost more than 99% of its original habitat. The current population is of 22 animals, one family of 11, another of 7 and 4 lone individuals, The size of the species is around 49 centimetres in length, The weight of the species ranges between 5.8 to 10 kilograms. The impact that the extinction of the Hainan gibbon could have is not well characterized due to the limited amount of research. Hainan black-crested gibbon (Nomascus hainanus） As one of four global famous anthropoid apes, Hainan black-crested gibbon Gibbon has been classified as National Class I animal by the State Government. The species is very slender and has long arms and legs, while not having a tail. Only a portion if any of this reserve contains black-crested gibbons. Better equipiing patrols on the island and attempts to convert farmland to primary forests with figs and myrtles being planted are some of the actions being taken along with educating people in the area. [11] Their two-year interbirth interval is shorter than that of most gibbon species and coincides with the blooming patterns of fruits on the Hainan Islands. Molecular data, together with morphology and call differences, suggest it is a separate species. Males are all black with black hairless faces while females are yellowish-beige with black hairless faces and black patches on the top of their head, chest and abdomen. While lowland tropical forests are the most suitable habitat for the Hainan gibbon, much of this habitat and approximately 95% of the original vegetation on Hainan Island has been destroyed due to deforestation. Hainan Black Crested Gibbon - Nomascus hainanus Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Family: These actions forced gibbon communities to higher elevations. They give birth once every 2 years and their offspring stays with them for one-and-a-half years. That's it. (Baillie & Butcher 2012; Harvey 2012) Other species of gibbons have been shown to be important factors in seed dispersal of several plant species, most notably figs and other fruit bearing plants. There are only 25 Hainan black crested gibbons! They are currently identified as critically endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List. cf. A male Hainan gibbons sits in a tree in 2019. The recommendations for action focused on several factors, the first being the mitigation of habitat loss by increasing and better equipping patrols of the island to dissuade illegal loggers. Aside from primary forest, the gibbons split their time between two areas known as secondary forests and dwarf forests. The Hainan Black Crested Gibbon is a species which is coloured differently for each sex. [13][14] This natural vegetation has been succeeded by pine and fir trees, which decrease the amount of food available for the gibbons. [10] Originally denizens of lowland forest, logging has driven them to less suitable habitat at higher altitudes. ... the range is now highly restricted to only small parts of the Hainan Island. Our findings indicate that the species is unlikely to survive the next decades unless efficient conservation policies and strategies are put in place immediately. CRITICALLY ENDANGERED. Presence of black-crested gibbons not confirmed. The Hainan gibbon is considered an umbrella species for the Hainan Island. Black Crested Gibbon (Nomascus concolor) Northern White-cheeked Gibbon (Nomascus leucogenys) Cao-vit Gibbon (Nomascus nasutus) Hainan Gibbon (Nomascus hainanus) Hainan Crested Gibbon (Nomascus hainanus)The Hainan Crested Gibbon only occurs on the island of Hainan in the South-Chinese sea. Made with ☕ and by EndangeredWildlife.org, Find Out More About the Hainan Black Crested Gibbon, Female and Males are completely different colours, The species sings duets from branches when bonding and mating, The species has developed a polygynous relationships due to decreased natural habitat, It has been observed that no sexually mature females are breeding in the wild, The species indicates the health of the ecosystem on their island, The species is critical for seed disposals of various plants, Loss of habitat – the primary forests are being encroached and destroyed by humans with 25% of the habitat being destroyed by illegal pulp paper plantations, The species is at threat to being wiped out in a single epidemic or storm event due to the small population and area that they reside in. Although Hainan black-crested gibbons have been on the list of the most endangered primate species in the world for many years, their environment is still deteriorating, especially on Hainan Island. and, at times, leaves, and insects. Quite the same Wikipedia. 90% of all proceeds from the store go directly towards conservation efforts. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the eastern black crested gibbon (Nomascus nasutus) from Hòa Bình and Cao Bằng provinces of Vietnam and Jingxi County in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.

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