Heather Nelson, RN. This course is an excellent review of urine microscopic procedures for clinical laboratory scientists and MLS / MLT students. Some abnormal constituents in urine The following are some abnormal constituent that not normally found in detectable amount: Positive in Urine Cause Notes Blood (hematuria) • Bleeding because of damage to kidney or genitourinary system,eg: Renal Calculi, Renal Tumor, Trauma to kidneys • Any pink, red or brown urine must be considered as bloody – Normal: 1.003 – 1.030 – Indication of hydration status Protein – Normal: negative – Positive result could indicate infection, diabetes, trauma Glucose – Normal: negative – Most glucose filtered by kidneys is reabsorbed – Glucose may spill into urine if amount of glucose present exceeds kidney’s capacity to reabsorb But when the glucose level in blood exceeds the renal threshold of glucose (160 – 180 mg /dl), glucose starts to appear in urine. recently produced urine sample should be obtained (directly from the catheter tubing) 3. The abnormal constituents of urine are sugar (glucose), ketone bodies, blood, protein and bile. Characteristics of Normal and Abnormal Urine. Decrease in urine levels: (less than 400ml/24hrs) This is calledOLIGUREA. But when the glucose level in blood exceeds the renal threshold of glucose (160 – 180 mg /dl), glucose starts to appear in urine. UST. Some physical properties are listed below: Colour: Urine colour is pale yellow in healthy individuals. Ordinarily, glucose (sugar) is absent in normal urine. If a urine test is abnormal, do not discard the urine until the physician approves of discarding it. A range of 5.0-8.0 is considered normal (Higgins, 2007). • The normal osmolality of 24 hours urine specimen varies from 500-800 Urine Amount. Abnormal Constituents of Urine. Normal urine can be negative for protein or contain a trace of protein. Refrigerated is best when infection is suspected 5. Normal recently voided urine has a pH between 5.0 and 8.0 and a specific gravity between 1.010 and 1.025. A measure of concentration, or specific gravity, shows how concentrated particles are in your urine. Normal and Abnormal Uterine Bleeding UNC School of Medicine Obstetrics and Gynecology Clerkship Case Based Seminar Series – A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as a Flash slide show) on PowerShow.com - id: 42e3f2-YzdlY The subsets of these proteins and … Testing For Various Chemical Constituents Of Urine Is Performed PPT. URINE PRODUCTION Urine production is produced by the. 2- The detection of amino-acids in abnormal urine. process of: 1. Urine Color. Any abnormal constituents found in urine are an indication of disease. Presentation Summary : Chemical properties. Chemical composition of urine changes with standing and formed elements degenerate with time 4. Urinalysis is the testing of the physical characteristics and composition of a urine. Proteins: a. Albumin ( Albuminurea ): When only small amounts of albumin may leak into the urine, a condition known as microalbuminuria , a sign of deteriorating kidney function. Acidic urine may indicate formation of urinary stones, while alkaline urine may indicate a UTI with certain types of bacteria, such as Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella or … Urine is an important excretion of body and its physical and chemical analyses indicates several health problems. Abnormal constituents of urine PowerPoint Presentation - Proteinuria protein in urine Small mwt proteins such as peptide hormones Insulin glucagon growth hormone can appear in the GF these filtered proteins are largely reabsorbed by the proximal tubules via ID: 532980 Download Presentation The abnormal constituents of urine are sugar (glucose), ketone bodies, blood, protein and bile. Normal and Abnormal Urine Composition . Upon reacting with the urine components, the colors of the dipstick may change, which is indicated as abnormal urinalysis results. indicates and acid urine; pH above 7 indicates an alkaline urine. Objective: Many substances such as glucose, proteins, amino acids,etc are present in trace amounts in normal urine ,presence of these substances is suggestive of underlying … Abnormal constituents of urine & renal function tests. The pH level indicates the amount of acid in urine. Note compounds you ordinarily do not find in human urine in appreciable amounts, at least compared with blood plasma, include protein and glucose (typical normal range 0.03 … Ordinarily, glucose (sugar) is absent in normal urine. 8. Concentration. Testing for various chemical constituents of urine is performed with reagent strips impregnated with appropriate chemicals or reagent A higher than normal concentration often is a … Name, describe, and give the origin and significance of the three types of epithelial cells found in urine sediment. Abnormal constituents of urine. Secreted by the renal tubules, it accumulates in the urinary bladder and is excreted via the urethra. Microscopic Examination- Urine Cytology Interpretation-1-Normal-Normal constituents of urine. It is used as a baseline test in the assessment of health ; Urinalysis composition can change due to disease processes ; The presence of abnormalities in urine can be a 5. Its proportional based on urea and sodium concentration.In renal failure the ability of the kidney to concentrate and dilute urine is reduced. Urine pH Urine pH value is a measure of acidity of the sample, and the ideal value is around 6. URINE • liquid waste produced by the kidneys which filter wastes and extra water from blood • It may contain sugar, albumin, bile pigments, or abnormal quantities of one or another of its normal components • Normal urine: color is in the shade of yellow with a slightly acidic pH (5.0-6.0) Normal urine, when tested with a reagent strip, is negative for glucose, ketone, bilirubin, bacteria (nitrite), leukocyte esterase, and blood. • The normal osmolality of random urine specimen varies from 40-1350 m,osmol/kg. Examples are albumin, sugar, ketone bodies, blood, bile pigments and bile salts, and indican. Ordinarily, glucose (sugar) is absent in normal urine. Most crystals have no clinical importance (particularly phosphates, urates, and oxalates). A few of the articles reviewed measured composition on a per‐ejaculate basis, and from a diagnostic point of view, per‐ejaculate results may be more useful (Grizard et al, 1985). Urine flows from the kidneys through the ureters to the urinary bladder. Abnormal pH levels may indicate a kidney or urinary tract disorder. Differentiate between normal and abnormal sediment constituents. Other constituents include urea, chloride, sodium, potassium, creatinine and other dissolved ions, and inorganic and organic compounds. FILTRATION Urine is an aqueous solution of greater than 95% water. Urea is a non-toxic molecule made of toxic ammonia and carbon dioxide. 4. Normal adult: excretes 750 to 2000 ml of urine per day. The student will learn to distinguish significant findings from normal findings or artifacts and review the biochemical results that correlate with specific sediment constituents. Composition of Urine . 1. urine ; To identify normal and abnormal parameters in urinalysis ; 3 Urine Testing. 15 URINE URINE by-product or fluid secreted by the kidneys, transported by the ureter to the urinary bladder and voided through urethra fluids and materials being filtered by the kidneys come from the blood and interstitial fluids average amount of urine excreted in 24 hours 40- 60 ounces. ANUREA : less than 100 ml of urine in 24 hrs These conditions may be due todehydration, congestive heart failure , due to renal tract obstructionetc. Renal tubules. Normal, freshly-voided urine may have a pH range of 5.5 - 8.0. Lesser amounts of other ions and compounds are present, including hippuric acid, phosphorus, citric acid, glucuronic acid, ammonia, uric acid, and many others.Total solids in urine add up to around 59 grams per person. Aim: To study the Abnormal Constituents of urine in Diabetic Patients. The parameters tested by dipstick method and their normal values are given below. Discuss the significance of red blood cells (RBCs) in urine sediment. Abnormal constituents of. (B) Abnormal crystals: (1) Cysteine, (2) Cholesterol, (3) Bilirubin, (4) Tyrosine, (5) Sulfonamide, and (6) Leucine. All urine will give a pH reading on analysis and it is usually slightly acidic. Abnormal Constituents of Urine The abnormal constituents of urine are sugar (glucose), ketone bodies, blood, protein and bile. Specific gravity – Normal relative density ranges from 1.002 – 1.050 depending on the state of hydration of the person. Urine is a liquid by-product of metabolism in humans and in many other animals. Adjacent organs … Urination results in urine being excreted from the body through the urethra.. Cellular metabolism generates many by-products that are rich in nitrogen and must be cleared from the bloodstream, such as urea, uric acid, and creatinine. Discuss the significance of white blood cells (WBCs) in urine sediment. First voided morning urine is ideal when evaluating suspected glomerulonephritis EXPT. PH: Normal PH of urine is 6 it may be between 5-9 depending upondiet 2- Abnormal-Any variation from normal- Cellular components Acellular components Cells derived from- Urothelial and its variants. But when the glucose level in blood exceeds the renal threshold of glucose (160 – 180 mg /dl), glucose starts to appear in urine. Normal: Straw, amber, or transparent. 6. Pathological constituents are the tissue components and metabolites that normally do not appear in urine. Best examined when fresh. However, crystals found in normal urine can also be seen in some diseases in increased numbers. Globulins comprise a much smaller fraction of the total serum protein content. Chemical Properties. 1- The semi-quantitative detection of some abnormal constituents by means of test-strips. 7. Urine is a liquid waste material produced in and excreted by the body. AZZA MAHGOUP. urine DR. DYNA ROBY Composition of normal urine Physical examination of urine 1. The pH of urine may change with diet, medications, kidney disease, and metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. 3- To investigate the difference between urine specimen 4-The quantitative estimation of protein in abnormal urine. Volume of urine • 1000- 2000 ml / day • Approximately 500 ml/ day is the minimum volume of urine needed in normal health to remove waste products. ... PowerPoint Presentation Last modified by: Normal: 1200-1500 ml Abnormal: Under 1200 ml Decreased fluid intake Kidney failure Abnormal: Over 1500 ml Diabetes Diuretics Increased fluid intake. Components of Serum Protein Electrophoresis Albumin, the major protein component of serum, is produced by the liver under normal physiologic conditions. Some abnormal colours are: Dark Yellow: when water deficiency, dehydration occurs. The overwhelming majority of the articles reviewed, however, measured composition on a per‐volume basis, and this is the basis used throughout our study.

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